The Role of Myth in 'Frankenstein'
The Role of Myth in Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein'
Self Introduction :-
Name : Rahul Desai
Roll No. : 26
Semester : 1
Paper No : 103
Paper Name : Literature of the Romantics
Assignment Topic : The Role of Myth in 'Frankenstein'
Submitted to : Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English (Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University)
Email ID : rahuldesai477@gmail.com
Table of contents :-
✦ Introduction of 'Frankenstein' :-
✦ Mary Shelley :-
✦ The Myth of Prometheus in "Frankenstein" :-
✦ The Creation Myth :-
✦ Myth of Narcissus in "Frankenstein" :-
✦ Myth of Science Fiction :-
✦ The myth of the relationship between the Human and the Monster in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" :-
✦ In short :-
✦ References :-
✦ Introduction of 'Frankenstein' :-
"Frankenstein" is the very interesting novel written by Mary Shelley. This "Frankenstein" novel combination of Gothic fiction, Science fiction and knowledge. "Frankenstein" novel published in the year 1818. In this novel we can identify the significant role of Traditional Myth in certain ways. The full title of this novel is "Frankenstein: the Modern Prometheus." The narrative style of this novel is Epistolary. "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley is a gripping tale that explores the consequences of unchecked ambition and the search for knowledge. It tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who becomes obsessed with creating life. Driven by his desire to conquer death, he brings a monstrous being to life. But as the consequences of his actions unfold, Victor grapples with the moral implications of his creation and the havoc it wreaks on his life and those around him. Shelley's novel delves into themes of scientific ethics, the pursuit of knowledge, and the responsibility that comes with playing god, making it a timeless exploration of human ambition and its repercussions.
✦ Mary Shelley (1797-1851) :-
Mary Shelley was the wife of P.B. Shelley. Mary Shelley was an English Novelist. Mary Shelley was known for her iconic work "Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus". Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley began her writing career with "Frankenstein"; or, the Modern Prometheus, when she was only 18th years old. She was very brave hearted and very talented and also good thinker in her writing career.
Her father encouraged her to learn to write by composing letters, and her favourite occupation as a child was writing stories. Mary Shelley employed the techniques of many different novelistic genres, most vividly the Godwinian novel, Walter Scott's new historical novel, and the Gothic novel.
Works List of Mary Shelley :-
Mary Shelley wrote several other novels including...
➣ "The last Man" (1826)
➣ "Mathilda" (1819)
➣ "Falkner" (1837)
➣ "Lodore" (1835)
Short stories:-
➣ "A tale of the passions or the death of despina" (1822)
➣ "The Pole" (1832)
➣ "The Invisible Girl"
➣ "The Elder son" (1834)
For further information about Mary Shelley Wikipedia
Now let's discuss in detail about the topic...
The myth of Prometheus is a significant and enduring story from Greek mythology that has influenced literature, philosophy, and popular culture for centuries.
The most famous episode in the Prometheus myth involves his theft of fire from the gods. According to the myth, Prometheus took pity on humanity, which was living in darkness and suffering. He defied Zeus, the king of the gods, by stealing fire from Olympus and bringing it down to Earth. Fire symbolized knowledge, technology, and enlightenment, and its bestowal upon humanity was a revolutionary act.
Creation of Humanity :-
Prometheus also played a role in the creation of humanity. He molded humans out of clay, giving them form and life. In some versions of the myth, he even breathed life into his creations, much like how the Biblical God breathed life into Adam. Humanity is the central identity of the novel and human life. In 'Frankenstein' we can clearly identify the humanity purpose by the characters and the importance of humanity in the everyone's life.
The myth of Prometheus is deeply intertwined with Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein." Shelley drew upon this myth to create a narrative that explores themes of creation, knowledge, and the consequences of defying natural order. Here's how the Prometheus myth is reflected in the novel "Frankenstein":
★ Prometheus as Victor Frankenstein :-
1. Defying the Gods :-
In the Prometheus myth, the Titan defies Zeus and steals fire, an act reserved for the gods. Similarly, Victor Frankenstein defies the laws of nature by creating life. He takes on the role of a creator, attempting to give life to a being from inanimate parts, an act that challenges the divine order.
2. Creation and Sacrifice :-
Prometheus's creation of humanity from clay reflects Victor's act of creating the Creature from dead body parts. Both acts involve the molding and shaping of life. Prometheus's act of creation is an act of compassion for humanity, while Victor's creation begins with noble intentions but ultimately leads to suffering and tragedy.
3. Knowledge and Enlightenment :-
Prometheus's gift of fire symbolizes knowledge and enlightenment, which he bestows upon humanity. Victor Frankenstein's pursuit of knowledge in natural philosophy and his desire to unlock the secrets of life represent a similar quest for knowledge. However, like Prometheus's gift, Victor's knowledge has unintended consequences.
★ The Creature as a Tragic Figure :-
1. Suffering and Alienation :-
The Creature in "Frankenstein" can be seen as a modern Prometheus. Like Prometheus, the Creature is a tragic figure who suffers for defying the natural order. His existence is marked by isolation, rejection, and torment, paralleling Prometheus's punishment by Zeus.
2. Desire for Knowledge :-
The Creature's journey is a quest for knowledge and understanding. He learns to read and educate himself, similar to how Prometheus's gift of fire brings enlightenment to humanity. However, the Creature's knowledge does not lead to empowerment but rather to a deep sense of loneliness and despair. Victor Frankenstein had a lots of knowledge about science but he used his knowledge to made a creature. He should not tried to be use of knowledge in other good ways.
3. Rebellion and Misunderstanding :-
Like Prometheus, the Creature is misunderstood and feared by humans. His attempts to connect with them are met with rejection and violence, mirroring the Titan's rebellion against the gods and his punishment.
★ Victor's Hubris and Tragedy :-
1. Hubris :-
Victor Frankenstein's relentless pursuit of scientific knowledge and his ambition to create life are reminiscent of Prometheus's hubris. Both characters believe they can transcend natural limits, leading to their tragic downfalls.
2. Consequences of Defiance :-
In both myths, defiance of the natural order results in dire consequences. Prometheus's punishment by Zeus and Victor's torment at the hands of his own creation underscore the idea that challenging the boundaries of creation and knowledge comes at a high cost.
Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" incorporates the Prometheus myth to explore complex themes of creation, knowledge, and the moral and ethical implications of scientific discovery. The novel serves as a cautionary tale about the potential dangers of unchecked scientific ambition and the consequences of playing with the fundamental forces of life.
✦ The Creation Myth :-
Another mythic element in "Frankenstein" is the theme of creation. Victor Frankenstein's act of creating life parallels creation myths found in various cultures. He takes on the role of a creator, defying the natural order of life and death. Victor's laboratory becomes a modern-day Eden where he attempts to "play God" by giving life to inanimate matter.
In many creation myths, there is a sense of divine or cosmic order disrupted by the act of creation. Victor's creation disrupts the natural order, leading to chaos and tragedy. The creature he brings to life becomes a modern "Adam," created in the image of his maker but rejected by his creator and society. This theme of creation and rejection is reminiscent of the Biblical story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from Eden for their disobedience.
The creature's journey mirrors that of other mythical figures who seek acceptance and companionship. Like Prometheus, who stole fire to benefit humanity but suffered for his actions, the creature seeks companionship and understanding but is met with rejection and fear. The creature's isolation and longing for a mate also evoke themes found in mythological stories of lonely and misunderstood beings.
✦ Myth of Narcissus in "Frankenstein" :-
Myth of Narcissus in "Frankenstein" is played the significant role. Myth of Narcissus it means, self love and then self hate, self realization, self care, alone and then death. Victor Frankenstein is the influenced of myth of Narcissus. Victor is often engrossed in his own pursuits, consumed by his ambition to create life. This obsession with his own goals reflects a parallel to Narcissus's fixation on his reflection. Victor is intensely focused on his scientific, endeavors, losing sight of the consequences and ethical implications of his action.
One good video on the myth of Narcissus by Ted-Ed.
In "Frankenstein," Victor Frankenstein's obsession with creating life and his pursuit of scientific knowledge can be seen as a kind of narcissism. Victor Frankenstein is like to live alone, be with his own self, be with his own work and be with his knowledge. Victor Frankenstein is the best example of the myth of Narcissus. The Myth of Narcissus in 'Frankenstein' serves as a subtle reflection of the dangers of unchecked ambition, self-absorption.
✦ Myth of Science Fiction :-
"Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley is often considered one of the earliest works of science fiction, and it explores several key themes and myths of the genre. Here are some of the science fiction myths present in the novel...
1. The Scientist as a Modern Prometheus :-
The novel presents the myth of the scientist as a modern Prometheus, a figure who seeks forbidden knowledge and challenges the boundaries of human understanding. Victor Frankenstein's quest to create life and animate the dead aligns with this myth, as he takes on the role of a creator, much like the Titan Prometheus who defied the gods to bring fire and knowledge to humanity.
2. The Consequences of Scientific Hubris :-
"Frankenstein" delves into the myth that unchecked scientific advancement can lead to dire consequences. Victor's creation of the Creature without considering the ethical and moral implications serves as a cautionary tale about the potential dangers of scientific overreach.
3. The Fear of the Unknown and the Uncanny :-
The novel taps into the fear of the unknown, often associated with science fiction. The Creature's creation, his mysterious nature, and his quest for knowledge mirror the fear of what lies beyond human understanding and control.
4. The Theme of Alienation :-
Science fiction frequently explores the theme of alienation, and "Frankenstein" is no exception. The Creature's isolation and the rejection he faces from society are characteristic of the science fiction myth of the outsider who doesn't belong in the human world.
5. The Ethical Dilemma of Creation :-
The novel raises ethical questions about the act of creation, a common theme in science fiction. Victor's creation of the Creature prompts discussions about the responsibilities and consequences that come with scientific innovation.
6. The Blurring of the Boundaries Between Life and Death :-
"Frankenstein" delves into the myth of blurring the boundaries between life and death through science. Victor's experiments challenge traditional notions of life and the afterlife, as he attempts to reanimate the dead.
7. The Unintended Consequences of Scientific Discovery :-
The novel explores the idea that scientific discoveries can have unintended and catastrophic consequences. Victor's initial pursuit of knowledge leads to disastrous outcomes he never anticipated.
"Frankenstein" contributes to the development of science fiction by incorporating these myths and themes, emphasizing the potential perils of scientific exploration, and raising questions about the ethics and responsibilities of scientists.
✦ The myth of the relationship between the Human and the Monster in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" :-
This type of myth explores various aspects of humanity, compassion, and the consequences of scientific experimentation. Here are some key elements of this myth in the novel...
1. Creation and Rejection :-
Rejection make bad example in this novel. The novel portrays the initial connection between Victor Frankenstein and his creation, often referred to as "the Creature." Victor's act of creating the Creature establishes a bond between them, as Victor essentially plays the role of a parent or creator. However, this connection is quickly overshadowed by Victor's immediate rejection and horror at what he has brought to life.
2. The Search for Acceptance :-
The Creature, initially a tabula rasa (blank slate), seeks connection and acceptance from humanity. He is curious and observant, desiring to understand human interactions and emotions. The Creature's yearning for connection is contrasted with the rejection and fear he encounters from humans.
3. Isolation and Loneliness :-
The Creature's isolation and loneliness are essential elements of the connection myth. He is rejected by society, leading to profound emotional and psychological isolation. His desperate quest for companionship and connection reveals the human desire for social bonds and relationships.
4. Duality of Humanity :-
The Creature's experiences highlight the duality of human nature. He exhibits both the potential for good and evil, reflecting the idea that human beings are capable of both compassion and cruelty. This duality challenges the conventional view of what it means to be human.
5. The Quest for Identity :-
The Creature's struggle to find his identity and place in the world is a central aspect of the connection myth. He grapples with existential questions about his existence and purpose, mirroring the human quest for self-discovery and meaning.
6. Revenge and Tragedy :-
The breakdown of the connection between the human and the monster is characterized by themes of revenge and tragedy. The Creature's actions are driven by a desire for vengeance against his creator and society, which he perceives as the source of his suffering.
7. Morality and Responsibility :-
The novel raises questions about moral responsibility, as Victor Frankenstein's neglect of his creation is seen as a breach of ethical obligations. This neglect underscores the moral consequences of abandoning one's responsibilities, even when it pertains to a creation rather than a biological child.
The myth of the connection between the human and the monster in "Frankenstein" serves as a powerful exploration of themes related to identity, humanity, compassion, and the consequences of playing with the boundaries of life and creation. It challenges the reader to reflect on what it means to be human and the importance of empathy and responsibility in human relationships.
✦ In short :-
"Frankenstein" one of best novel by Mary Shelley. Mary Shelley put a new ideas, thoughts and different types of elements in this novel "Frankenstein". When we read or study of this novel at that time we learn about Gothic fiction, Science fiction, morality, and most importantly the modern Prometheus and myth of Narcissus. I really enjoyed when I read this novel "Frankenstein". The role of Myth it's very significant in this novel. The role of Myth teaches us to connect with natural and supernatural elements and how it's connected with human nature? It's really very interesting to get knowledge about Myth.
★ References :-
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, et al. Frankenstein. Fingerprint Publishing, 2015. ISBN: 9788175993167.
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein
School, Kyrene. Prometheus - Kyrene School District, https://www.kyrene.org/cms/lib/AZ01001083/Centricity/Domain/894/prometheus%20myth.pdf
Chaliakopoulos, Antonis. “Narcissus and Echo: A Myth about Love and Obsession.” TheCollector, 2021, https://www.thecollector.com/echo-narcissus-myth/
Ziolkowski, Theodore. “Science, Frankenstein, and Myth.” Ziolkowski, “Science, Frankenstein, and Myth,” 1981, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27543797
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Images : 7
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